“Control frauds” are seemingly legitimate entities controlled by persons that use them as a fraud “weapon.”1 The controlled entity is both perpetrator and victim of the fraud.
A lot of “algorithmic accountability” discussions bring control fraud to mind for me. Is it useful to think of an algorithm as something like a corporation? A seemingly legitimate entity used to do things that would be illegal if done directly?
William K. Black, “Epidemics of ’Control Fraud’ Lead to Recurrent, Intensifying Bubbles and Crises,” SSRN Scholarly Paper (Rochester, NY, April 15, 2010), https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1590447.