The alternative view is that the poor face different opportunities and hence do low-earning jobs because they are born poor. That is, the poor are stuck in a poverty trap.
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one-off transfer of productive assets and training
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Ownership of physical capital is what sets apart rich and poor in these villages.
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small transfers would only allow a small share of households to escape poverty – those that are already close to the threshold
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We have shown that poverty traps exist. People are poor because of a lack of opportunity.