"Non-monotonic" or "defeasible" logical frameworks allow for retraction of conclusions.
"covers a family of formal frameworks devised to capture and represent defeasible inference" (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
See e.g. DR-DEVICE, SPINdle, Flora-2's defeasible logic (crisply explained by Morris), Michael Maher's work
n.b. There is also a specific defeasible logic, created by Donald Nute, called simply "Defeasible Logic".