an ambiguity in the word “art” itself. The English word “art” is derived from the Latin ars and Greek techne, which meant any human skill whether horse breaking, verse writing, shoemaking, vase painting, or governing. The opposite of human art in that older way of thinking was not craft but nature.
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For example, Renaissance paintings are almost always presented framed on museum walls or isolated on lecture hall screens or art book pages with little to remind us that almost all were originally made for a specific purpose and place—parts of altars or wedding chests, built into bedroom walls or council hall ceilings
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the word “artist” could be applied not only to painters and composers but also to shoemakers and wheelwrights, to al- chernists and liberal arts students. There were neither artists nor artisans, in the modern meaning of those terms, but only the artisan/artists who constructed their poems and paintings, watches and boots accarding to a techne or ars,
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he key factor in splitting apart the old art system was the replacement of patronage by an art market and a middle-class art public.